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A Balancing Act: Growth and Cultural Identity in Canggu, Bali

A Balancing Act: Growth and Cultural Identity in Canggu, Bali

November, 08 2024

Image Source: CNT Traveler

Once primarily agricultural land, Canggu in Bali has transformed over the last decade into a tourism hotspot with rapid development in accommodations and urban activities. The area saw a reduction in rice fields from 281 hectares in 2009 to 243 hectares in 2018, with its natural beauty and quieter beaches attracting both tourists and investors to build hotels, villas, and other tourism infrastructure. This has turned Canggu into a tourist hub, impacting local livelihoods and reshaping the community (Adhinata & Sawitri, 2022).

Image Source: Google Earth

Between 2016 and 2018, Canggu’s population grew by 2.1%, and tourists increased by 22.6% by 2024, indicating major social changes (Suamba & Dwijendra, 2021). 

Image Source: Bali Bustle
Digital nomads and remote workers from various countries now form solid community networks, transforming the area into a “Tourist Village” with social activities like art exhibitions, sports events, and yoga workshops. This global community not only adds cultural diversity but also creates inclusive spaces for cultural exchange and interaction (Prabawati, 2020).
 
However, this rapid tourism growth impacts local social and cultural identity, especially as architectural styles shift to accommodate new demographics. Western-style villas and modern cafes increasingly dominate, overshadowing traditional Balinese architectural features. This shift risks diluting Canggu’s local character and authenticity, as many residents now rely heavily on the tourism sector, potentially threatening the sustainability of their cultural practices (Ivan, Wijaya, & Widyatmaja, 2024).
Image Source: Bali Discovery

In response, local communities are taking steps to preserve Balinese cultural values, striving to protect their identity and heritage amid the forces of globalization. Efforts include maintaining traditional events and attire for certain ceremonies. With this resistance in mind, the question arises: can architecture play a role in preserving this essence of cultural identity? The answer is clear, cultural identity can indeed be safeguarded within architecture, even as Canggu’s landscape evolves. 

Image Source: Thrilling Travel
This resistance aims to keep Canggu’s identity intact despite the sweeping changes brought by tourism. Regulations like Bali Province Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2005 encourage traditional architectural elements that honor Bali’s heritage, rooted in principles such as Tri Hita Karana and Hulu-Teben, which emphasize harmony between humans, nature, and the divine. In fact, when we examine Bali’s local architecture, we find elements such as sloped roofs, elevated
structures, and breathable walls, all thoughtfully designed to reflect the island’s values and adapt to its tropical environment. These simple dwellings, constructed from natural materials (Ginanneschi, 2015). It seamlessly blends local elements, showcasing a commitment to sustainability and cultural identity. One such example is the Balinese Lumbung, a traditional rice barn, which reflects both functionality and cultural symbolism in its design.

Contemporary projects, such as The Pasisi, designed by Cowema Studio, show how modern architecture can integrate Balinese traditions. Featuring sloped roofs and local materials, The Pasisi honors Bali’s architectural heritage while incorporating modern design. Its “Second Skin” design, inspired by the traditional Breathing Wall of the Balinese Lumbung rice barn, provides passive ventilation to regulate temperature and airflow. The Pasisi also employs local workers and artisans, fostering community engagement and preserving traditional skills.

The Pasisi exemplifies the Tri Angga principle of harmony between humans, nature, and space.The spatial concept of The Pasisi begins with the orientation of the buildings facing southwest toward the nearest ocean, in accordance with the Asta Kosala Kosali principle, which states that non-sacred buildings should face the sea. The design includes transitional spaces visible from the varying heights of the corridor leading to the main lounge, which is semi-outdoor. This creates an attractive atmosphere and encourages social interaction between residents and visitors, enhancing the quality of life for local communities and reinforcing their collective identity.
 
This balanced design approach reflects the timeless resilience of Balinese culture. Bali’s art and cultural values continue to endure and adapt despite evolving social landscapes, emphasizing the island’s deeply spiritual and cultural identity. With thoughtful planning, Canggu can evolve into an international tourist destination while preserving its cultural heritage, ensuring that both tradition and modernity coexist harmoniously for future generations.

The Pasisi Progress

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